Compendium of Biota - The Tree of Life

The Compendium of biota of the Bay of Bengal is classified with the taxonomic system of Cavalier-Smith (1998, 2004). Each table page of the Compendium represents a taxon node in the tree of life. A page includes the single path of nodes to the root of the classification, and a table of child nodes. All taxon nodes are links to their respective pages. Click on lower ranking taxa to extend the table towards the bottom of the tree. The tree bottom contains additional information particular to species, such as authority, references and contributors.

Table colums can be sorted alphabetically up or down by clicking on column headers.

Item count: 6358
Superkingdomsort descending Kingdom Phylum Class Subclass Order Suborder Family Subfamily Genus Subgenus Species Occurrence Authority References Contributors
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Carditidae Carditinae Cardita variegata Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Andhra Pradesh, (Visakhapatnam, Chintapally J.B. Bruguiere, 1792 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Carditidae Carditinae Megacardita nodulosa Andamans, near Vijayanagaram), Andamans (Lamarck, 1819) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulidae Corbula crassa Andamans (R.B. Hinds, 1843) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Corbula persica Andamans (off Port Blair) E.A. Smith, 1905 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Corbula suculosa Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) H. Adams, 1870 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Corbula taitensis Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Andamans R.B. Hinds, 1843 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Corbula tunicata Andhra pradesh R.B. Hinds, 1843 Dey, A. et al., 2007 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Potamocorbula abbreviata West Bengal (Port Canning) (H.B. Preston, 1907) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Potamocorbula calcarea West Bengal (Port Canning) (H.B. Preston, 1907) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Potamocorbula chilkaensis Orissa (Chilka Lake) (H.B. Preston, 1911) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Corbulinae Varicorbula rotalis Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Orissa, W. Bengal (R.B. Hinds, 1843) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Myidae Spheniinae Sphenia perversa West Bengal (Gangetic delta) W.T. Blanford, 1867 Subba Rao et al., 1995 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Jounnetiinae Jounnetia Jounnetia cumingii Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Andamans G.B. Sowerby II, 1849 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Jounnetiinae Jounnetia Pholadopsis globulosa Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Nicobars (J.R.C. Quoy & I.P. Gaimard Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Lignopholas fluminalis West Bengal (Kidderpore docks, Kolkata) (W.T. Blanford, 1867) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Martesia fragilis Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (A.E. Verril & Bush, 1890) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Martesia multistriata Coromandel coast (G.B. Sowerby II, 1849) Ray, H.C., 1949 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Martesia Martesia striata East coast, Andamans (C. Linnaeus, 1758) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Martesia Particoma nairi Tamil Nadu R.D. Turner & Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Parapholas quadrizonata Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Andamans (L. Spengler, 1794) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Martesiinae Pholadidea cheveyi Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) E. Lamy, 1927 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Pholadinae Barnea Barnea birmanica Tamil Nadu (R.A. Philippi, 1847) Sakthivel, K. et al., 2002 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Pholadinae Barnea Barnea candida Orissa, West Bengal (C. Linnaeus, 1758) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Pholadinae Pholas Monothyra orientalis Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Orissa, W. Bengal J.F. Gmelin, 1791 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Pholadidae Xylophaginae Xylophaga indica Investigator Sta.233: Andaman Sea E.A. Smith, 1904 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia bipalmulata Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh (J.P. de M. lamarck, 1801) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia bipennata Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andamans (W. Turton, 1819) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia campanellata Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. Orissa, West Bengal, Andamans F. Moll & F. Roch, 1931 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia carinata Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh (J.E. Gray, 1827) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia fimbriatula Orissa F. Moll & F. Roch, 1931 Nair, N.B. et al., 1994 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia nordi Tamil Nadu, West Bengal F. Moll, 1935 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Bankia rochi Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Andamans F. Moll, 1935 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Nausitora dunlopei Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. Orissa, West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands E.P. Wright, 1864 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Nausitora fusticula Orissa (J.G. Jefferys, 1860) Nair, N.B. et al., 1994 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Nausitora hedleyi Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (M. Schepman, 1919) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Nototeredo edax Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (C. Hedley, 1895) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Bankiinae Nototeredo knoxi Orissa (P. Bartsch, 1917) Nair, N.B. et al., 1994 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Bactronophorus thoracites All along east coast, Andaman & nicobar Islands (A.A. Gould, 1856) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Dicyathifer manni All along east coast, Andaman & nicobar Islands (E.P. Wright, 1866) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus affinis Andhra Pradesh (G.P. Deshayes, 1863) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus bipartitus East coast (J.G. Jefferys, 1860) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus furciferus Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry (Yanam), Andamans (Martens, 1894) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus massus Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh (E. Lamy, 1925) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus pedicellatus Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. Orissa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (A. de Quatrefages, 1849) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus singaporeana East coast (F. Roch, 1935) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Lyrodus triste East coast (T. Iredale, 1932) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Spathoteredo obtusa Nicobar Islands (P.B. Sivickis, 1928) Nair, N.B. et al., 1994 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredo bartschi Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh W.F. Clapp, 1924 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredo clappi Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry (Yanam) P. Bartsch, 1923 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredo fulleri Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh W.F. Clapp, 1924 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredo parksi East coast P. Bartsch, 1923 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredo triangularis Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh (C.H. Edmondson, 1942) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredora princesae Tamil Nadu, Orissa (P.B. Sivickis, 1928) Taki et al., 1945 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredothyra excavata Tamil Nadu (J.G. Jefferys, 1860) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Teredothyra smithi Tamil Nadu (P. Bartsch, 1927) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Carditoida Pholadina Teredinidae Teredininae Uperotus clava Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Andamans (J.F. Gmelin, 1791) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama brassica Andhra Pradesh (Nellore coast), Andaman, & Nicobar Islands L.H. Reeve, 1847 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama faba Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) L.H. Reeve, 1846 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama japonica Andaman Islands C. Linnaeus, 1758 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama lazarus Tamil Nadu (Pamban), Andamans C. Linaeus, 1758 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama limbula Andhra Pradesh (Visakhapatnam), Andamans J.B.P. de M. Lamarck Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama multisquamosa Andaman & Nicobar Islands L.H. Reeve, 1846 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Chama reflexa Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Andhra Pradesh, ( Kottapatnam near Ongole, Visakhapatnam), Orissa (off Ganjam coast, Konark, Balasore Bay) L.H. Reeve, 1846 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Chamoidea Chamidae Pseudochama cristella Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) J.B.P. de M. Lamarck Satyamurti, S.T., 1956a Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Crassatelloidea Crssatellidae Crassatellinae Bathytormus jousseaume Andhra pradesh (Visakhapatnam) (E. Lamy, 1919) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Crassatelloidea Crssatellidae Crassatellinae Bathytormus radiatus Tamil nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andaman Islands (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Crassatelloidea Crssatellidae Crassatellinae Crenocrassatella rostrata Tamil Nadu (Pamban), Andhra Pradesh, (Mahalakshmipuram near Nellore, Kottapatnam near Ongole), Andamans (J.B.P. de M. Lamarck, 1805) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Cyrenoidea Cyrenidae Polymesodinae Batissa capillata Andamans H.B. Preston, 1910 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Cyrenoidea Cyrenidae Polymesodinae Batissa inflata Andaman & Nicobar Islands T. Prime, 1860 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Cyrenoidea Cyrenidae Polymesodinae Batissa similis Andaman & Nicobar Islands T. Prime, 1860 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Cyrenoidea Cyrenidae Polymesodinae Polymesoda Geloina bengalensis Orissa (Mahanadi estuary), West Bengal, (Ganjetic delta), Nicobars (J.B.P. de M. Lamarck Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Cyrenoidea Cyrenidae Polymesodinae Polymesoda Geloina erosa Andhra Pradesh (Krishna estuary), Andaman, & Nicobar Islands (D.C. Solander, 1786) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Dreissenoidea Dreissenidae Mytilopsis adamsi Andhra Pradesh (Kakinada, Visakhapatnam) Morrison, 1946 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Galeomma argentea Orissa (Ganjam coast) G.P. Deshayes, 1855 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Galeomma paucistriata Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) G.P. Deshayes, 1855 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla candida Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) G.P. Deshayes, 1855 Satyamurti, S.T., 1956a Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla chilkaensis Orissa (Chilka Lake) H.B. Preston, 1915 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla citrina Andamans H.B. Preston, 1908 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla elongata Andamans H.B. Preston, 1908 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla faba Andamans G.P. Deshayes, 1855 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla hanleyi Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) G.P. Deshayes, 1855 Satyamurti, S.T., 1956a Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla lactea Andamans G.B. Sowerby Ii, 1865 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla perflexa Andamans H.B. Preston, 1908 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla timorensis Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) G.P. Deshayes, 1855 Satyamurti, S.T., 1956a Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Galeommatidae Scintilla translucida Andamans H.B. Preston, 1908 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Kelliidae Borniolinae Squillaconcha subsinuata Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar) (C.E. Lischke, 1871) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Kelliidae Kelliinae Kellia chilkaensis Orissa (Chilka Lake) H.B. Preston, 1915 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Kelliidae Kelliinae Kellia mahosaensis Orissa (Chilka Lake) H.B. Preston, 1915 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Galeommatoidea Kelliidae Kelliinae Kellia mirabilis Andamans H.B. Preston, 1915 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Gastrochaenoidea Gastrochaenidae Gastrochaena cuneiformes Tamil Nadu (Gulf of Mannar), Orissa, Andamans L. Spengler, 1783 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Gastrochaenoidea Gastrochaenidae Spenglerichaena apertissima Tamil Nadu (Manauli Island) (W.H. Deshayes, 1855) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Glauconomoidea Glauconomidae Glauconome chinensis Orissa (Chandipore) J.E. Gray, 1828 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Glauconomoidea Glauconomidae Glauconome sculpta Andhra Pradesh (Krishna and Godavary eastuaries), Orissa (Chandipore), West Bengal (Sunderbans)) G.B. Sowerby II, 1893 Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Glossoidea Glossidae Meiocardia moltkiana Andhra Pradesh (Santapalli, Srikakulam Dist.), Andamans (L. Spengler, 1783) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Glossoidea Vesicomyidae Pliocardia brevis Investigator Sta. 327: Bay of Bengal (E.A. Smith, 1906) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Glossoidea Vesicomyidae Pliocardia indica Andamans (E.A. Smith, 1904) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Glossoidea Vesicomyidae Warreniconcha cretacea Investigator Sta. 327: Bay of Bengal (E.A. Smith, 1906) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Limoida Limidae Ctenoides annulata Orissa, Andamans (J, B.P. de M. Lamarck, 1819) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Limoida Limidae Lima vulgaris Tamil Nadu (Tranquebar), Andhra Pradesh, (Visakhapatnam), Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Link, 1807) Subba Rao, N.V.
Eukaryota Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Protobranchia Limoida Limidae Limaria basilanica Andhra Pradesh, Andamans (A. Adams & L.H. Reeve, 1850) Subba Rao, N.V.

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